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Jeremiah 44

Jeremiah confronts a people who defend idolatry through remembered prosperity, declaring that God’s word will stand against theirs.

Jeremiah addresses the Jews living in Egypt after Jerusalem and Judah have been devastated. Through him, YHWH names their worship of other gods as the cause of that ruin and warns that judgment will follow them into Egypt. The gathered men and women refuse to listen, claiming that worship of the queen of the sky brought prosperity. Jeremiah disputes their account and announces destruction, with few survivors. Pharaoh Hophra’s coming downfall will serve as a sign.

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1The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews who lived in the land of Egypt, who lived at Migdol, and at Tahpanhes, and at Memphis, and in the country of Pathros, saying,
2“The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘You have seen all the evil that I have brought on Jerusalem, and on all the cities of Judah. Behold, today they are a desolation, and no man dwells in them,
3because of their wickedness which they have committed to provoke me to anger, in that they went to burn incense, to serve other gods that they didn’t know, neither they, nor you, nor your fathers.
4However I sent to you all my servants the prophets, rising up early and sending them, saying, “Oh, don’t do this abominable thing that I hate.”
5But they didn’t listen and didn’t incline their ear. They didn’t turn from their wickedness, to stop burning incense to other gods.
6Therefore my wrath and my anger was poured out, and was kindled in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; and they are wasted and desolate, as it is today.’
7“Therefore now the LORD, the God of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘Why do you commit great evil against your own souls, to cut off from yourselves man and woman, infant and nursing child out of the middle of Judah, to leave yourselves no one remaining,
8in that you provoke me to anger with the works of your hands, burning incense to other gods in the land of Egypt where you have gone to live, that you may be cut off, and that you may be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth?
9Have you forgotten the wickedness of your fathers, the wickedness of the kings of Judah, the wickedness of their wives, your own wickedness, and the wickedness of your wives which they committed in the land of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem?
10They are not humbled even to this day, neither have they feared, nor walked in my law, nor in my statutes, that I set before you and before your fathers.’
11“Therefore the LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says: ‘Behold, I will set my face against you for evil, even to cut off all Judah.
12I will take the remnant of Judah that have set their faces to go into the land of Egypt to live there, and they will all be consumed. They will fall in the land of Egypt. They will be consumed by the sword and by the famine. They will die, from the least even to the greatest, by the sword and by the famine. They will be an object of horror, an astonishment, a curse, and a reproach.
13For I will punish those who dwell in the land of Egypt, as I have punished Jerusalem, by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence;
14so that none of the remnant of Judah, who have gone into the land of Egypt to live there, will escape or be left to return into the land of Judah, to which they have a desire to return to dwell there; for no one will return except those who will escape.’”
15Then all the men who knew that their wives burned incense to other gods, and all the women who stood by, a great assembly, even all the people who lived in the land of Egypt, in Pathros, answered Jeremiah, saying,
16“As for the word that you have spoken to us in the LORD’s name, we will not listen to you.
17But we will certainly perform every word that has gone out of our mouth, to burn incense to the queen of the sky and to pour out drink offerings to her, as we have done, we and our fathers, our kings and our princes, in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem; for then we had plenty of food, and were well, and saw no evil.
18But since we stopped burning incense to the queen of the sky, and pouring out drink offerings to her, we have lacked all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine.”
19The women said, “When we burned incense to the queen of the sky and poured out drink offerings to her, did we make her cakes to worship her, and pour out drink offerings to her, without our husbands?”
21“The incense that you burned in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of Jerusalem, you and your fathers, your kings and your princes, and the people of the land, didn’t the LORD remember them, and didn’t it come into his mind?
22Thus the LORD could no longer bear it, because of the evil of your doings and because of the abominations which you have committed. Therefore your land has become a desolation, an astonishment, and a curse, without inhabitant, as it is today.
23Because you have burned incense and because you have sinned against the LORD, and have not obeyed the LORD’s voice, nor walked in his law, nor in his statutes, nor in his testimonies; therefore this evil has happened to you, as it is today.”
24Moreover Jeremiah said to all the people, including all the women, “Hear the LORD’s word, all Judah who are in the land of Egypt!
25The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel, says, ‘You and your wives have both spoken with your mouths, and with your hands have fulfilled it, saying, “We will surely perform our vows that we have vowed, to burn incense to the queen of the sky, and to pour out drink offerings to her.” “‘Establish then your vows, and perform your vows.’
26“Therefore hear the LORD’s word, all Judah who dwell in the land of Egypt: ‘Behold, I have sworn by my great name,’ says the LORD, ‘that my name will no more be named in the mouth of any man of Judah in all the land of Egypt, saying, “As the Lord GOD lives.”
27Behold, I watch over them for evil, and not for good; and all the men of Judah who are in the land of Egypt will be consumed by the sword and by the famine, until they are all gone.
28Those who escape the sword will return out of the land of Egypt into the land of Judah few in number. All the remnant of Judah, who have gone into the land of Egypt to live there, will know whose word will stand, mine or theirs.
29“‘This will be the sign to you,’ says the LORD, ‘that I will punish you in this place, that you may know that my words will surely stand against you for evil.’
30The LORD says, ‘Behold, I will give Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies and into the hand of those who seek his life, just as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, who was his enemy and sought his life.’”
World English BibleRead in NIV in Psalmlog →Highlighted verses are the most connected.
Key verses
Jeremiah 44:4God’s repeated warnings through the prophets show that Judah’s destruction followed a long refusal to hear him.
Jeremiah 44:16The people’s open refusal to listen brings their conflict with YHWH’s word into plain view.
Jeremiah 44:17The people appeal to tradition and remembered abundance to defend the worship Jeremiah identifies as the cause of ruin.
Where this chapter reaches

Deuteronomy and Ezekiel share Jeremiah 44’s warnings that worshiping other gods brings judgment, including famine and the sword. The fall of Jerusalem and the capture of Zedekiah connect this chapter with 2 Kings, where those events are narrated as part of Judah’s collapse.

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Notice

After reading the whole chapter

How do the people and Jeremiah explain Judah’s suffering, and where do their accounts conflict?

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What role does remembered prosperity play in how you weigh a warning from Scripture?

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Questions people ask about Jeremiah 44

Who is the queen of the sky in Jeremiah 44?

The queen of the sky is a goddess worshiped by the Judeans through incense, drink offerings, and cakes. The chapter gives her title without identifying her by another name. Its focus is the people’s allegiance to her and their claim that her worship had brought food and security.

Why did the people refuse to listen to Jeremiah in Jeremiah 44?

The people believed they had prospered while worshiping the queen of the sky and suffered after stopping. They also appealed to the practices of their ancestors and rulers. Jeremiah rejects their explanation: their disobedience and incense offerings to other gods had brought YHWH’s judgment on Judah.

Does Jeremiah 44 say that every Judean in Egypt would die?

The chapter uses sweeping language of destruction for the Judean remnant in Egypt, yet it also names an exception. Verse 14 refers to escapees, and verse 28 says a few will return to Judah. The announced judgment leaves the community devastated, with only a small number surviving.

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Jeremiah · 52 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).