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Jeremiah 25

Jeremiah announces God’s judgment on Judah and the nations, including Babylon, the empire God uses to carry out his sentence.

Jeremiah addresses Judah and Jerusalem in Jehoiakim’s fourth year, identified here as Nebuchadnezzar’s first year as king of Babylon. For twenty-three years, Jeremiah has spoken God’s word to people who have refused to listen. Now he announces Babylon’s conquest and seventy years of servitude, followed by Babylon’s own punishment. The prophecy then widens: Jeremiah receives a cup of wrath for the nations, and the chapter closes with images of war, scattered flocks, and leaders unable to escape.

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1The word that came to Jeremiah concerning all the people of Judah, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah (this was the first year of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon),
2which Jeremiah the prophet spoke to all the people of Judah, and to all the inhabitants of Jerusalem:
3From the thirteenth year of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah, even to this day, these twenty-three years, the LORD’s word has come to me, and I have spoken to you, rising up early and speaking; but you have not listened.
4The LORD has sent to you all his servants the prophets, rising up early and sending them (but you have not listened or inclined your ear to hear),
5saying, “Return now everyone from his evil way, and from the evil of your doings, and dwell in the land that the LORD has given to you and to your fathers, from of old and even forever more.
6Don’t go after other gods to serve them or worship them, and don’t provoke me to anger with the work of your hands; then I will do you no harm.”
7“Yet you have not listened to me,” says the LORD, “that you may provoke me to anger with the work of your hands to your own hurt.”
9behold, I will send and take all the families of the north,” says the LORD, “and I will send to Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, my servant, and will bring them against this land, and against its inhabitants, and against all these nations around. I will utterly destroy them, and make them an astonishment, and a hissing, and perpetual desolations.
10Moreover I will take from them the voice of mirth and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the lamp.
11This whole land will be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations will serve the king of Babylon seventy years.
12“It will happen, when seventy years are accomplished, that I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation,” says the LORD, “for their iniquity. I will make the land of the Chaldeans desolate forever.
13I will bring on that land all my words which I have pronounced against it, even all that is written in this book, which Jeremiah has prophesied against all the nations.
14For many nations and great kings will make bondservants of them, even of them. I will recompense them according to their deeds, and according to the work of their hands.”
15For the LORD, the God of Israel, says to me: “Take this cup of the wine of wrath from my hand, and cause all the nations to whom I send you to drink it.
16They will drink, and reel back and forth, and be insane, because of the sword that I will send among them.”
17Then I took the cup at the LORD’s hand, and made all the nations to drink, to whom the LORD had sent me:
18Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, with its kings and its princes, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, a hissing, and a curse, as it is today;
19Pharaoh king of Egypt, with his servants, his princes, and all his people;
20and all the mixed people, and all the kings of the land of Uz, all the kings of the Philistines, Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod;
21Edom, Moab, and the children of Ammon;
22and all the kings of Tyre, all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the isle which is beyond the sea;
23Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who have the corners of their beard cut off;
24and all the kings of Arabia, all the kings of the mixed people who dwell in the wilderness;
25and all the kings of Zimri, all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of the Medes;
26and all the kings of the north, far and near, one with another; and all the kingdoms of the world, which are on the surface of the earth. The king of Sheshach will drink after them.
27“You shall tell them, ‘The LORD of Armies, the God of Israel says: “Drink, and be drunk, vomit, fall, and rise no more, because of the sword which I will send among you.”’
28It shall be, if they refuse to take the cup at your hand to drink, then you shall tell them, ‘The LORD of Armies says: “You shall surely drink.
29For, behold, I begin to work evil at the city which is called by my name; and should you be utterly unpunished? You will not be unpunished; for I will call for a sword on all the inhabitants of the earth, says the LORD of Armies.”’
30“Therefore prophesy against them all these words, and tell them, “‘The LORD will roar from on high, and utter his voice from his holy habitation. He will mightily roar against his fold. He will give a shout, as those who tread grapes, against all the inhabitants of the earth.
31A noise will come even to the end of the earth; for the LORD has a controversy with the nations. He will enter into judgment with all flesh. As for the wicked, he will give them to the sword,”’ says the LORD.”
32The LORD of Armies says, “Behold, evil will go out from nation to nation, and a great storm will be raised up from the uttermost parts of the earth.”
33The slain of the LORD will be at that day from one end of the earth even to the other end of the earth. They won’t be lamented. They won’t be gathered or buried. They will be dung on the surface of the ground.
34Wail, you shepherds, and cry. Wallow in dust, you leader of the flock; for the days of your slaughter and of your dispersions have fully come, and you will fall like fine pottery.
35The shepherds will have no way to flee. The leader of the flock will have no escape.
36A voice of the cry of the shepherds, and the wailing of the leader of the flock, for the LORD destroys their pasture.
38He has left his covert, as the lion; for their land has become an astonishment because of the fierceness of the oppression, and because of his fierce anger.
World English BibleRead in NIV in Psalmlog →Highlighted verses are the most connected.
Key verses
Jeremiah 25:9God names Nebuchadnezzar as his servant, placing Babylon’s coming conquest under his authority and within his judgment on Judah.
Jeremiah 25:12Babylon’s appointed rule has a limit, and its role in judging Judah leaves its own wrongdoing subject to punishment.
Jeremiah 25:15The cup of wrath carries the prophecy beyond Judah, portraying the nations’ coming devastation as judgment from God’s hand.
Where this chapter reaches

Daniel takes up Jeremiah’s seventy-year prophecy, and 2 Chronicles connects the exile and the land’s rest with the fulfillment of Jeremiah’s word. Isaiah and Revelation share the image of a cup of divine wrath, portraying judgment through the language of drinking.

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Notice

After reading the whole chapter

What stands out to you about the twenty-three years of speaking and refusing to listen?

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How does Babylon’s own punishment shape your understanding of power and accountability in this chapter?

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Questions people ask about Jeremiah 25

Why does God call Nebuchadnezzar his servant in Jeremiah 25?

The title describes Nebuchadnezzar’s assigned role in carrying out God’s judgment against Judah and surrounding nations. It does not establish that he worships YHWH or that his conduct has God’s approval. Verse 12 makes this clear: God will punish Babylon for its own iniquity after its appointed period of rule.

What do the seventy years mean in Jeremiah 25?

Verse 11 assigns seventy years to the nations’ service under Babylon, alongside the desolation of Judah’s land. Verse 12 then announces punishment for Babylon when that period ends. The chapter gives a fixed limit to Babylon’s dominance, though it does not specify calendar dates for counting the period’s beginning and end.

What is the cup of wrath in Jeremiah 25?

The cup is a prophetic image of God’s judgment upon the nations. Drinking brings staggering and collapse, which the text connects with the sword God sends among them. Jerusalem drinks first, and the list expands across the world. The chapter does not explain how Jeremiah enacted or communicated this image to each nation.

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Jeremiah · 52 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).