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2 Chronicles 28

Judah’s defeat exposes Ahaz’s rebellion, while Oded’s rebuke shows that God also holds the victorious army accountable for its cruelty.

Ahaz becomes king in Jerusalem at twenty and leads Judah into idol worship, even burning his children in the fire. YHWH hands Judah over to invading armies. When Israel takes captives from Judah, the prophet Oded confronts the victors, and leaders of Ephraim arrange the captives’ care and return. Ahaz seeks help from Assyria, which brings more trouble. His distress leads to further rebellion, and he shuts the doors of YHWH’s house.

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1Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem. He didn’t do that which was right in the LORD’s eyes, like David his father,
2but he walked in the ways of the kings of Israel, and also made molten images for the Baals.
3Moreover he burned incense in the valley of the son of Hinnom, and burned his children in the fire, according to the abominations of the nations whom the LORD cast out before the children of Israel.
4He sacrificed and burned incense in the high places, and on the hills, and under every green tree.
5Therefore the LORD his God delivered him into the hand of the king of Syria. They struck him, and carried away from him a great multitude of captives, and brought them to Damascus. He was also delivered into the hand of the king of Israel, who struck him with a great slaughter.
6For Pekah the son of Remaliah killed in Judah one hundred twenty thousand in one day, all of them valiant men, because they had forsaken the LORD, the God of their fathers.
7Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the king’s son, Azrikam the ruler of the house, and Elkanah who was next to the king.
8The children of Israel carried away captive of their brothers two hundred thousand women, sons, and daughters, and also took away much plunder from them, and brought the plunder to Samaria.
9But a prophet of the LORD was there, whose name was Oded; and he went out to meet the army that came to Samaria, and said to them, “Behold, because the LORD, the God of your fathers, was angry with Judah, he has delivered them into your hand, and you have slain them in a rage which has reached up to heaven.
10Now you intend to degrade the children of Judah and Jerusalem as male and female slaves for yourselves. Aren’t there even with you trespasses of your own against the LORD your God?
11Now hear me therefore, and send back the captives that you have taken captive from your brothers, for the fierce wrath of the LORD is on you.”
12Then some of the heads of the children of Ephraim, Azariah the son of Johanan, Berechiah the son of Meshillemoth, Jehizkiah the son of Shallum, and Amasa the son of Hadlai, stood up against those who came from the war,
13and said to them, “You must not bring in the captives here, for you intend that which will bring on us a trespass against the LORD, to add to our sins and to our guilt; for our guilt is great, and there is fierce wrath against Israel.”
15The men who have been mentioned by name rose up and took the captives, and with the plunder clothed all who were naked among them, dressed them, gave them sandals, gave them something to eat and to drink, anointed them, carried all the feeble of them on donkeys, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brothers. Then they returned to Samaria.
16At that time King Ahaz sent to the kings of Assyria to help him.
17For again the Edomites had come and struck Judah, and carried away captives.
18The Philistines also had invaded the cities of the lowland and of the South of Judah, and had taken Beth Shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco with its villages, Timnah with its villages, and also Gimzo and its villages; and they lived there.
19For the LORD brought Judah low because of Ahaz king of Israel, because he acted without restraint in Judah and trespassed severely against the LORD.
20Tilgath-pilneser king of Assyria came to him and gave him trouble, but didn’t strengthen him.
21For Ahaz took away a portion out of the LORD’s house, and out of the house of the king and of the princes, and gave it to the king of Assyria; but it didn’t help him.
22In the time of his distress, he trespassed yet more against the LORD, this same King Ahaz.
23For he sacrificed to the gods of Damascus which had defeated him. He said, “Because the gods of the kings of Syria helped them, I will sacrifice to them, that they may help me.” But they were the ruin of him and of all Israel.
24Ahaz gathered together the vessels of God’s house, cut the vessels of God’s house in pieces, and shut up the doors of the LORD’s house; and he made himself altars in every corner of Jerusalem.
25In every city of Judah he made high places to burn incense to other gods, and provoked the LORD, the God of his fathers, to anger.
26Now the rest of his acts, and all his ways, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Judah and Israel.
27Ahaz slept with his fathers, and they buried him in the city, even in Jerusalem, because they didn’t bring him into the tombs of the kings of Israel; and Hezekiah his son reigned in his place.
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Key verses
2 Chronicles 28:22This verse marks the direction of Ahaz’s response to distress: his rebellion grows as his kingdom suffers.
2 Chronicles 28:9Oded declares that YHWH gave Israel victory, yet condemns the rage with which its army slaughtered Judah.
2 Chronicles 28:3Ahaz’s burning of his children reveals how far Judah’s king has adopted the practices of nations YHWH drove out.
Where this chapter reaches

2 Kings recounts Ahaz’s reign and his appeal to Assyria, while Isaiah shares the setting of threats against Judah during his rule. Deuteronomy condemns burning children as offerings, and Jeremiah condemns that practice in the valley of the son of Hinnom, where Ahaz commits it here.

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After reading the whole chapter

What stands out in the contrast between Ephraim’s response to Oded and Ahaz’s response to distress?

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Which details of the captives’ care show what changed after the leaders heard Oded’s warning?

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Questions people ask about 2 Chronicles 28

Who was Oded in 2 Chronicles 28?

Oded is identified as a prophet of YHWH in Samaria. He confronts Israel’s returning army, condemning its rage against Judah and its plan to enslave the captives. He warns that Israel also bears guilt before God. The chapter gives no further background about him.

Why did Israel release the captives from Judah?

Oded warns that Judah’s defeat does not excuse Israel’s cruelty or its plan to enslave fellow Israelites. Leaders of Ephraim accept the warning and oppose bringing the captives into Samaria. The soldiers surrender them, and named men provide clothing, food, and transport for their return to their people at Jericho.

Why did Ahaz worship the gods of Damascus?

Ahaz reasons that the gods of Syria helped its kings defeat him, so sacrificing to them might secure their help. The narrator has already attributed Judah’s defeat to YHWH’s judgment. Ahaz misreads the cause of his defeat, and the chapter says these gods become his ruin.

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2 Chronicles · 36 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).