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Joshua 21

The allotment of cities to the Levites completes the account of Israel’s inheritance with a declaration that God has kept his word.

The Levite family heads come to Eleazar, Joshua, and Israel’s tribal leaders at Shiloh to ask for the cities God commanded through Moses. The tribes give them forty-eight cities, each with pasture land for livestock. The list records which families receive each allotment, distinguishing Aaron’s priestly descendants from the other Levites. Several cities also serve as places of refuge. The closing verses declare that God has fulfilled his promises of land and rest to Israel.

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1Then the heads of fathers’ houses of the Levites came near to Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the heads of fathers’ houses of the tribes of the children of Israel.
2They spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, “The LORD commanded through Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with their pasture lands for our livestock.”
3The children of Israel gave to the Levites out of their inheritance, according to the commandment of the LORD, these cities with their pasture lands.
4The lot came out for the families of the Kohathites. The children of Aaron the priest, who were of the Levites, had thirteen cities by lot out of the tribe of Judah, out of the tribe of the Simeonites, and out of the tribe of Benjamin.
5The rest of the children of Kohath had ten cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh.
6The children of Gershon had thirteen cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, out of the tribe of Asher, out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.
7The children of Merari according to their families had twelve cities out of the tribe of Reuben, out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun.
8The children of Israel gave these cities with their pasture lands by lot to the Levites, as the LORD commanded by Moses.
10and they were for the children of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi; for theirs was the first lot.
11They gave them Kiriath Arba, named after the father of Anak (also called Hebron), in the hill country of Judah, with its pasture lands around it.
13To the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Libnah with its pasture lands,
14Jattir with its pasture lands, Eshtemoa with its pasture lands,
15Holon with its pasture lands, Debir with its pasture lands,
16Ain with its pasture lands, Juttah with its pasture lands, and Beth Shemesh with its pasture lands: nine cities out of those two tribes.
17Out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with its pasture lands, Geba with its pasture lands,
18Anathoth with its pasture lands, and Almon with its pasture lands: four cities.
21They gave them Shechem with its pasture lands in the hill country of Ephraim, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Gezer with its pasture lands,
22Kibzaim with its pasture lands, and Beth Horon with its pasture lands: four cities.
23Out of the tribe of Dan, Elteke with its pasture lands, Gibbethon with its pasture lands,
24Aijalon with its pasture lands, Gath Rimmon with its pasture lands: four cities.
25Out of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Taanach with its pasture lands, and Gath Rimmon with its pasture lands: two cities.
27They gave to the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the half-tribe of Manasseh Golan in Bashan with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Be Eshterah with its pasture lands: two cities.
29Jarmuth with its pasture lands, En Gannim with its pasture lands: four cities.
30Out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with its pasture lands, Abdon with its pasture lands,
31Helkath with its pasture lands, and Rehob with its pasture lands: four cities.
32Out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Hammothdor with its pasture lands, and Kartan with its pasture lands: three cities.
34To the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with its pasture lands, Kartah with its pasture lands,
36Out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with its pasture lands, Jahaz with its pasture lands,
38Out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Mahanaim with its pasture lands,
39Heshbon with its pasture lands, Jazer with its pasture lands: four cities in all.
41All the cities of the Levites among the possessions of the children of Israel were forty-eight cities with their pasture lands.
43So the LORD gave to Israel all the land which he swore to give to their fathers. They possessed it, and lived in it.
44The LORD gave them rest all around, according to all that he swore to their fathers. Not a man of all their enemies stood before them. The LORD delivered all their enemies into their hand.
45Nothing failed of any good thing which the LORD had spoken to the house of Israel. All came to pass.
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Key verses
Joshua 21:43Israel’s possession of the land is credited to YHWH, who has fulfilled the oath he swore to their fathers.
Joshua 21:44Rest from surrounding enemies belongs to God’s promised gift, and the text credits him with Israel’s victory.
Joshua 21:45The final verse gathers the detailed allotments under one claim: every good thing God spoke to Israel came to pass.
Where this chapter reaches

Numbers commands the provision of Levitical cities and pasture lands, while 1 Chronicles records a parallel list of towns assigned to Levite families. The land promise reaches back to Genesis, and 1 Kings shares the declaration that God gave Israel rest and that none of his good promises failed.

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Notice

After reading the whole chapter

What do the repeated mentions of pasture lands show you about the provision made for the Levites?

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How does the long list of cities shape your reading of the final claim that God kept his word?

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Questions people ask about Joshua 21

Why did the Levites receive forty-eight cities in Joshua 21?

The Levite leaders appeal to God’s command through Moses for cities to live in and pasture lands for their livestock. Israel supplies these from the tribes’ inheritances. The chapter records thirteen cities for Aaron’s descendants, ten for the remaining Kohathites, thirteen for the Gershonites, and twelve for the Merarites.

What does Joshua 21:45 mean by “All came to pass”?

The statement sums up the land settlement described in the chapter. Verses 43–44 identify the fulfilled promises: Israel received the land sworn to their fathers, lived in it, and received rest from surrounding enemies. The claim concerns God’s faithfulness to Israel’s promised inheritance; it does not promise a future without conflict.

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Joshua · 24 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).