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Numbers 26

The census prepares a new generation for its inheritance while recording the fulfillment of God’s judgment on the former generation.

After the plague, YHWH commands Moses and Eleazar to count Israel’s men aged twenty and older who can go to war. They conduct the census on the plains of Moab, across the Jordan from Jericho. The family lists establish the numbers used to divide the land, while the Levites receive a separate count and no land inheritance among the tribes. The closing verses record the death of the earlier census generation, with Caleb and Joshua spared.

sermon or Bible study notesdeath and what comes after
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2“Take a census of all the congregation of the children of Israel, from twenty years old and upward, by their fathers’ houses, all who are able to go out to war in Israel.”
3Moses and Eleazar the priest spoke with them in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying,
5Reuben, the firstborn of Israel; the sons of Reuben: of Hanoch, the family of the Hanochites; of Pallu, the family of the Palluites;
7These are the families of the Reubenites; and those who were counted of them were forty-three thousand seven hundred thirty.
9The sons of Eliab: Nemuel, Dathan, and Abiram. These are that Dathan and Abiram who were called by the congregation, who rebelled against Moses and against Aaron in the company of Korah when they rebelled against the LORD;
10and the earth opened its mouth, and swallowed them up together with Korah when that company died; at the time the fire devoured two hundred fifty men, and they became a sign.
11Notwithstanding, the sons of Korah didn’t die.
12The sons of Simeon after their families: of Nemuel, the family of the Nemuelites; of Jamin, the family of the Jaminites; of Jachin, the family of the Jachinites;
14These are the families of the Simeonites, twenty-two thousand two hundred.
18These are the families of the sons of Gad according to those who were counted of them, forty thousand and five hundred.
19The sons of Judah: Er and Onan. Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan.
20The sons of Judah after their families were: of Shelah, the family of the Shelanites; of Perez, the family of the Perezites; of Zerah, the family of the Zerahites.
22These are the families of Judah according to those who were counted of them, seventy-six thousand five hundred.
23The sons of Issachar after their families: of Tola, the family of the Tolaites; of Puvah, the family of the Punites;
25These are the families of Issachar according to those who were counted of them, sixty-four thousand three hundred.
27These are the families of the Zebulunites according to those who were counted of them, sixty thousand five hundred.
28The sons of Joseph after their families: Manasseh and Ephraim.
29The sons of Manasseh: of Machir, the family of the Machirites; and Machir became the father of Gilead; of Gilead, the family of the Gileadites.
30These are the sons of Gilead: of Iezer, the family of the Iezerites; of Helek, the family of the Helekites;
33Zelophehad the son of Hepher had no sons, but daughters: and the names of the daughters of Zelophehad were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.
34These are the families of Manasseh. Those who were counted of them were fifty-two thousand seven hundred.
37These are the families of the sons of Ephraim according to those who were counted of them, thirty-two thousand five hundred. These are the sons of Joseph after their families.
38The sons of Benjamin after their families: of Bela, the family of the Belaites; of Ashbel, the family of the Ashbelites; of Ahiram, the family of the Ahiramites;
41These are the sons of Benjamin after their families; and those who were counted of them were forty-five thousand six hundred.
43All the families of the Shuhamites, according to those who were counted of them, were sixty-four thousand four hundred.
47These are the families of the sons of Asher according to those who were counted of them, fifty-three thousand four hundred.
50These are the families of Naphtali according to their families; and those who were counted of them were forty-five thousand four hundred.
51These are those who were counted of the children of Israel, six hundred one thousand seven hundred thirty.
53“To these the land shall be divided for an inheritance according to the number of names.
54To the more you shall give the more inheritance, and to the fewer you shall give the less inheritance. To everyone according to those who were counted of him shall his inheritance be given.
55Notwithstanding, the land shall be divided by lot. According to the names of the tribes of their fathers they shall inherit.
56According to the lot shall their inheritance be divided between the more and the fewer.”
57These are those who were counted of the Levites after their families: of Gershon, the family of the Gershonites; of Kohath, the family of the Kohathites; of Merari, the family of the Merarites.
58These are the families of Levi: the family of the Libnites, the family of the Hebronites, the family of the Mahlites, the family of the Mushites, and the family of the Korahites. Kohath became the father of Amram.
59The name of Amram’s wife was Jochebed, the daughter of Levi, who was born to Levi in Egypt. She bore to Amram Aaron and Moses, and Miriam their sister.
60To Aaron were born Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.
61Nadab and Abihu died when they offered strange fire before the LORD.
62Those who were counted of them were twenty-three thousand, every male from a month old and upward; for they were not counted among the children of Israel, because there was no inheritance given them among the children of Israel.
63These are those who were counted by Moses and Eleazar the priest, who counted the children of Israel in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho.
64But among these there was not a man of them who were counted by Moses and Aaron the priest, who counted the children of Israel in the wilderness of Sinai.
65For the LORD had said of them, “They shall surely die in the wilderness.” There was not a man left of them, except Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.
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Key verses
Numbers 26:64The contrast with the Sinai census reveals how much loss and generational change stand behind these family lists.
Numbers 26:65The final verse explains the missing generation through YHWH’s declared judgment and names Caleb and Joshua as the exceptions.
Numbers 26:59Jochebed’s family places Moses, Aaron, and Miriam within Levi’s genealogy, connecting Israel’s leaders to the people being counted.
Where this chapter reaches

Genesis and 1 Chronicles share many of these ancestral names and family lines, while Exodus also records the family of Moses and Aaron. Joshua shares the division of tribal inheritance by lot, and Deuteronomy recounts the wilderness generation’s death and the survival of Caleb and Joshua.

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Notice

After reading the whole chapter

How does the final report about the earlier census change your reading of the family lists?

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What do you notice about God’s rule in the instructions for dividing the land?

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Questions people ask about Numbers 26

Why is there another census in Numbers 26?

YHWH commands a count after the plague of men aged twenty and older who can go to war. The totals also govern the size of each tribe’s land inheritance. At the close, comparison with the Sinai census shows that the earlier counted generation has died, except Caleb and Joshua.

Does Numbers 26 say everyone who left Egypt died except Joshua and Caleb?

Verses 64–65 describe the men included in the earlier census taken by Moses and Aaron at Sinai. Caleb and Joshua are the named survivors of that counted group. The statement does not say that every person who left Egypt died; its scope is the earlier census population.

How was the land divided in Numbers 26?

YHWH gives two requirements: larger groups receive larger inheritances, and the land is assigned by lot according to ancestral tribes. The chapter does not explain the full procedure for combining population size with the lot. The Levites are counted apart because they receive no inheritance among the other tribes.

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Numbers · 36 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).