Skip to main content
Psalmlog Logo

Numbers 22

God protects his blessing on Israel and subjects Balaam’s travel and speech to his own authority.

Israel camps in the plains of Moab, across the Jordan from Jericho, and Moab’s king Balak fears their numbers and victories. He sends for Balaam to curse them, offering rewards and honor. God forbids the curse because Israel is blessed, then permits Balaam to travel under strict limits. On the road, YHWH’s angel confronts him, and his donkey sees the danger before he does. Balaam reaches Balak with his speech bound by God’s word.

temptationleadership weightsermon or Bible study notes
Read
1The children of Israel traveled, and encamped in the plains of Moab beyond the Jordan at Jericho.
2Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites.
3Moab was very afraid of the people, because they were many. Moab was distressed because of the children of Israel.
4Moab said to the elders of Midian, “Now this multitude will lick up all that is around us, as the ox licks up the grass of the field.” Balak the son of Zippor was king of Moab at that time.
5He sent messengers to Balaam the son of Beor, to Pethor, which is by the River, to the land of the children of his people, to call him, saying, “Behold, there is a people who came out of Egypt. Behold, they cover the surface of the earth, and they are staying opposite me.
6Please come now therefore, and curse this people for me; for they are too mighty for me. Perhaps I shall prevail, that we may strike them, and that I may drive them out of the land; for I know that he whom you bless is blessed, and he whom you curse is cursed.”
7The elders of Moab and the elders of Midian departed with the rewards of divination in their hand. They came to Balaam, and spoke to him the words of Balak.
8He said to them, “Lodge here this night, and I will bring you word again, as the LORD shall speak to me.” The princes of Moab stayed with Balaam.
9God came to Balaam, and said, “Who are these men with you?”
11‘Behold, the people that has come out of Egypt covers the surface of the earth. Now, come curse them for me. Perhaps I shall be able to fight against them, and shall drive them out.’”
12God said to Balaam, “You shall not go with them. You shall not curse the people, for they are blessed.”
13Balaam rose up in the morning, and said to the princes of Balak, “Go to your land; for the LORD refuses to permit me to go with you.”
15Balak again sent princes, more, and more honorable than they.
17for I will promote you to very great honor, and whatever you say to me I will do. Please come therefore, and curse this people for me.’”
18Balaam answered the servants of Balak, “If Balak would give me his house full of silver and gold, I can’t go beyond the word of the LORD my God, to do less or more.
19Now therefore please stay here tonight as well, that I may know what else the LORD will speak to me.”
20God came to Balaam at night, and said to him, “If the men have come to call you, rise up, go with them; but only the word which I speak to you, that you shall do.”
22God’s anger burned because he went; and the LORD’s angel placed himself in the way as an adversary against him. Now he was riding on his donkey, and his two servants were with him.
23The donkey saw the LORD’s angel standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and the donkey turned out of the path, and went into the field. Balaam struck the donkey, to turn her into the path.
26The LORD’s angel went further, and stood in a narrow place, where there was no way to turn either to the right hand or to the left.
27The donkey saw the LORD’s angel, and she lay down under Balaam. Balaam’s anger burned, and he struck the donkey with his staff.
28The LORD opened the mouth of the donkey, and she said to Balaam, “What have I done to you, that you have struck me these three times?”
29Balaam said to the donkey, “Because you have mocked me, I wish there were a sword in my hand, for now I would have killed you.”
31Then the LORD opened the eyes of Balaam, and he saw the LORD’s angel standing in the way, with his sword drawn in his hand; and he bowed his head, and fell on his face.
32The LORD’s angel said to him, “Why have you struck your donkey these three times? Behold, I have come out as an adversary, because your way is perverse before me.
33The donkey saw me, and turned away before me these three times. Unless she had turned away from me, surely now I would have killed you, and saved her alive.”
34Balaam said to the LORD’s angel, “I have sinned; for I didn’t know that you stood in the way against me. Now therefore, if it displeases you, I will go back again.”
35The LORD’s angel said to Balaam, “Go with the men; but you shall only speak the word that I shall speak to you.” So Balaam went with the princes of Balak.
36When Balak heard that Balaam had come, he went out to meet him to the City of Moab, which is on the border of the Arnon, which is in the utmost part of the border.
37Balak said to Balaam, “Didn’t I earnestly send for you to summon you? Why didn’t you come to me? Am I not able indeed to promote you to honor?”
38Balaam said to Balak, “Behold, I have come to you. Have I now any power at all to speak anything? I will speak the word that God puts in my mouth.”
40Balak sacrificed cattle and sheep, and sent to Balaam, and to the princes who were with him.
41In the morning, Balak took Balaam, and brought him up into the high places of Baal; and he saw from there part of the people.
World English BibleRead in NIV in Psalmlog →Highlighted verses are the most connected.
Key verses
Numbers 22:12God’s declaration that Israel is blessed establishes the boundary Balak’s money and repeated appeals cannot overturn.
Numbers 22:18Balaam acknowledges that even immense wealth cannot authorize him to go beyond YHWH’s word.
Numbers 22:1Israel’s camp opposite Jericho places the people near the promised land and explains Moab’s fear of their presence.
Where this chapter reaches

Genesis shares the promise of blessing on Abraham’s descendants that stands behind God’s refusal to let Balaam curse Israel. Deuteronomy and Joshua recall Balak’s attempt to employ Balaam against Israel, while 2 Peter recalls the donkey’s speech as a rebuke to Balaam.

Numbers 22's chapter linksAll strongest linksHover or tap a book
Notice

After reading the whole chapter

What do you notice about Balaam’s stated limits in verse 18 and his conduct on the road?

Write on this

How does Balak’s attempt to purchase a curse challenge your understanding of God’s blessing?

Write on this

Questions people ask about Numbers 22

Who is Balaam in Numbers 22?

Balaam is the son of Beor, living at Pethor by the River. Balak sends elders with rewards for divination to hire him to curse Israel. Balaam speaks with God and acknowledges YHWH’s authority, yet the angel condemns his way. The chapter presents a troubling figure whose words remain under God’s control.

Why was God angry with Balaam after telling him to go?

God permits Balaam to go in verse 20, with the command to do only what God says. Verse 22 then reports God’s anger because he went. The angel calls Balaam’s way perverse. The text leaves part of this tension unexplained, while making clear that permission to travel does not approve his conduct.

Did Balaam’s donkey really talk?

The narrative presents the donkey’s speech as an act of God: “The LORD opened the mouth of the donkey”. It describes an event, without signaling a parable. The donkey sees the angel before Balaam does, and her repeated turns save his life. God then opens Balaam’s eyes to the danger.

Read it. Now write it.

Start an entry on Numbers 22. Your words go beside the text, and you get one next step for the week.

Numbers · 36 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).