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Judges 6

God answers Israel’s distress by confronting its disobedience and calling a fearful Gideon to deliver Israel with his promised presence.

Midian and its allies destroy Israel’s crops and livestock, driving the people into mountain shelters. When Israel cries to YHWH, he sends a prophet who names their disobedience. YHWH’s angel then meets Gideon threshing wheat in a wine press to hide it from Midian. God commissions him to rescue Israel and promises his presence. Gideon tears down his father’s altar to Baal, gathers men for battle through YHWH’s Spirit, and asks for two signs involving a fleece.

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1The children of Israel did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight, so the LORD delivered them into the hand of Midian seven years.
2The hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made themselves the dens which are in the mountains, the caves, and the strongholds.
3So it was, when Israel had sown, that the Midianites, the Amalekites, and the children of the east came up against them.
4They encamped against them, and destroyed the increase of the earth, until you come to Gaza. They left no sustenance in Israel, and no sheep, ox, or donkey.
5For they came up with their livestock and their tents. They came in as locusts for multitude. Both they and their camels were without number; and they came into the land to destroy it.
6Israel was brought very low because of Midian; and the children of Israel cried to the LORD.
8The LORD sent a prophet to the children of Israel; and he said to them, “The LORD, the God of Israel, says, ‘I brought you up from Egypt, and brought you out of the house of bondage.
10I said to you, “I am the LORD your God. You shall not fear the gods of the Amorites, in whose land you dwell.” But you have not listened to my voice.’”
11The LORD’s angel came and sat under the oak which was in Ophrah, that belonged to Joash the Abiezrite. His son Gideon was beating out wheat in the wine press, to hide it from the Midianites.
12The LORD’s angel appeared to him, and said to him, “The LORD is with you, you mighty man of valor!”
13Gideon said to him, “Oh, my lord, if the LORD is with us, why then has all this happened to us? Where are all his wondrous works which our fathers told us of, saying, ‘Didn’t the LORD bring us up from Egypt?’ But now the LORD has cast us off, and delivered us into the hand of Midian.”
14The LORD looked at him, and said, “Go in this your might, and save Israel from the hand of Midian. Haven’t I sent you?”
15He said to him, “O Lord, how shall I save Israel? Behold, my family is the poorest in Manasseh, and I am the least in my father’s house.”
16The LORD said to him, “Surely I will be with you, and you shall strike the Midianites as one man.”
17He said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, then show me a sign that it is you who talk with me.
18Please don’t go away until I come to you, and bring out my present, and lay it before you.” He said, “I will wait until you come back.”
19Gideon went in and prepared a young goat and unleavened cakes of an ephah of meal. He put the meat in a basket and he put the broth in a pot, and brought it out to him under the oak, and presented it.
20The angel of God said to him, “Take the meat and the unleavened cakes, and lay them on this rock, and pour out the broth.” He did so.
21Then the LORD’s angel stretched out the end of the staff that was in his hand, and touched the meat and the unleavened cakes; and fire went up out of the rock and consumed the meat and the unleavened cakes. Then the LORD’s angel departed out of his sight.
22Gideon saw that he was the LORD’s angel; and Gideon said, “Alas, Lord GOD! Because I have seen the LORD’s angel face to face!”
23The LORD said to him, “Peace be to you! Don’t be afraid. You shall not die.”
24Then Gideon built an altar there to the LORD, and called it “The LORD is Peace.” To this day it is still in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.
25That same night, the LORD said to him, “Take your father’s bull, even the second bull seven years old, and throw down the altar of Baal that your father has, and cut down the Asherah that is by it.
26Then build an altar to the LORD your God on the top of this stronghold, in an orderly way, and take the second bull, and offer a burnt offering with the wood of the Asherah which you shall cut down.”
27Then Gideon took ten men of his servants, and did as the LORD had spoken to him. Because he feared his father’s household and the men of the city, he could not do it by day, but he did it by night.
30Then the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring out your son, that he may die, because he has broken down the altar of Baal, and because he has cut down the Asherah that was by it.”
31Joash said to all who stood against him, “Will you contend for Baal? Or will you save him? He who will contend for him, let him be put to death by morning! If he is a god, let him contend for himself, because someone has broken down his altar!”
32Therefore on that day he named him Jerub-Baal, saying, “Let Baal contend against him, because he has broken down his altar.”
33Then all the Midianites and the Amalekites and the children of the east assembled themselves together; and they passed over, and encamped in the valley of Jezreel.
34But the LORD’s Spirit came on Gideon, and he blew a trumpet; and Abiezer was gathered together to follow him.
35He sent messengers throughout all Manasseh, and they also were gathered together to follow him. He sent messengers to Asher, to Zebulun, and to Naphtali; and they came up to meet them.
36Gideon said to God, “If you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken,
37behold, I will put a fleece of wool on the threshing floor. If there is dew on the fleece only, and it is dry on all the ground, then I’ll know that you will save Israel by my hand, as you have spoken.”
39Gideon said to God, “Don’t let your anger be kindled against me, and I will speak but this once. Please let me make a trial just this once with the fleece. Let it now be dry only on the fleece, and on all the ground let there be dew.”
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Key verses
Judges 6:12The angel’s greeting places God’s presence at the center of Gideon’s calling while Gideon is hiding wheat from Midian.
Judges 6:24Gideon’s altar marks God’s assurance of peace after an encounter that made him fear for his life.
Judges 6:3The repeated raids after Israel sows explain the people’s hunger and the danger surrounding Gideon’s hidden threshing.
Where this chapter reaches

Exodus supplies the deliverance from Egyptian bondage that the prophet recounts and Gideon recalls when questioning Israel’s present suffering; both books describe God rescuing an oppressed people. Joshua shares the promise of God’s presence with a leader commissioned to face enemies.

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After reading the whole chapter

How does the prophet’s message shape your reading of Gideon’s complaint about God’s absence?

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What do Gideon’s nighttime obedience and repeated requests for signs reveal about his response to God?

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Questions people ask about Judges 6

Why did Gideon put out a fleece in Judges 6?

Gideon wanted confirmation that God would save Israel through him, as God had said. He first asked for dew on the fleece with dry ground, then for the reverse. God granted both requests. The account describes reassurance about an existing command; it gives no general instruction to seek guidance through signs.

Who is the angel of YHWH in Judges 6?

The visitor is called YHWH’s angel, yet the account also says YHWH speaks to Gideon. This close connection has led some Christians to understand the encounter as an appearance of Christ before his incarnation. The chapter does not name Christ or explain the precise nature of the appearance.

What does “The LORD is Peace” mean in Judges 6:24?

Gideon gives this name to an altar after fearing that seeing YHWH’s angel will cost him his life. God assures him that he will live. The name marks that assurance of peace within their encounter, while Midian’s oppression and the coming battle remain unresolved.

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Judges · 21 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).