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Genesis 31

God directs Jacob’s return and restrains Laban’s power as a household divided by mistrust parts under a covenant.

Jacob hears Laban’s sons accuse him of taking their father’s wealth, and he sees that Laban’s attitude has changed. God tells Jacob to return to his homeland, promising to be with him. Rachel and Leah agree to leave; Rachel also steals her father’s household gods without Jacob’s knowledge. Laban pursues them, but God warns him before the confrontation. After a fruitless search and Jacob’s account of twenty years of hard service, the men establish a covenant marked by stones.

family conflictwork conflictinjustice and anger
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1Jacob heard Laban’s sons’ words, saying, “Jacob has taken away all that was our father’s. He has obtained all this wealth from that which was our father’s.”
2Jacob saw the expression on Laban’s face, and, behold, it was not toward him as before.
3The LORD said to Jacob, “Return to the land of your fathers, and to your relatives, and I will be with you.”
5and said to them, “I see the expression on your father’s face, that it is not toward me as before; but the God of my father has been with me.
6You know that I have served your father with all of my strength.
7Your father has deceived me, and changed my wages ten times, but God didn’t allow him to hurt me.
9Thus God has taken away your father’s livestock, and given them to me.
10During mating season, I lifted up my eyes, and saw in a dream, and behold, the male goats which leaped on the flock were streaked, speckled, and grizzled.
11The angel of God said to me in the dream, ‘Jacob,’ and I said, ‘Here I am.’
12He said, ‘Now lift up your eyes, and behold, all the male goats which leap on the flock are streaked, speckled, and grizzled, for I have seen all that Laban does to you.
13I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar, where you vowed a vow to me. Now arise, get out from this land, and return to the land of your birth.’”
14Rachel and Leah answered him, “Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house?
15Aren’t we considered as foreigners by him? For he has sold us, and has also used up our money.
16For all the riches which God has taken away from our father are ours and our children’s. Now then, whatever God has said to you, do.”
17Then Jacob rose up, and set his sons and his wives on the camels,
18and he took away all his livestock, and all his possessions which he had gathered, including the livestock which he had gained in Paddan Aram, to go to Isaac his father, to the land of Canaan.
19Now Laban had gone to shear his sheep; and Rachel stole the teraphim that were her father’s.
21So he fled with all that he had. He rose up, passed over the River, and set his face toward the mountain of Gilead.
22Laban was told on the third day that Jacob had fled.
23He took his relatives with him, and pursued him seven days’ journey. He overtook him in the mountain of Gilead.
24God came to Laban the Syrian in a dream of the night, and said to him, “Be careful that you don’t speak to Jacob either good or bad.”
25Laban caught up with Jacob. Now Jacob had pitched his tent in the mountain, and Laban with his relatives encamped in the mountain of Gilead.
26Laban said to Jacob, “What have you done, that you have deceived me, and carried away my daughters like captives of the sword?
27Why did you flee secretly, and deceive me, and didn’t tell me, that I might have sent you away with mirth and with songs, with tambourine and with harp;
28and didn’t allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now you have done foolishly.
29It is in the power of my hand to hurt you, but the God of your father spoke to me last night, saying, ‘Be careful that you don’t speak to Jacob either good or bad.’
30Now, you want to be gone, because you greatly longed for your father’s house, but why have you stolen my gods?”
31Jacob answered Laban, “Because I was afraid, for I said, ‘Lest you should take your daughters from me by force.’
32Anyone you find your gods with shall not live. Before our relatives, discern what is yours with me, and take it.” For Jacob didn’t know that Rachel had stolen them.
33Laban went into Jacob’s tent, into Leah’s tent, and into the tent of the two female servants; but he didn’t find them. He went out of Leah’s tent, and entered into Rachel’s tent.
34Now Rachel had taken the teraphim, put them in the camel’s saddle, and sat on them. Laban felt around all the tent, but didn’t find them.
35She said to her father, “Don’t let my lord be angry that I can’t rise up before you; for I’m having my period.” He searched, but didn’t find the teraphim.
36Jacob was angry, and argued with Laban. Jacob answered Laban, “What is my trespass? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued me?
37Now that you have felt around in all my stuff, what have you found of all your household stuff? Set it here before my relatives and your relatives, that they may judge between us two.
38“These twenty years I have been with you. Your ewes and your female goats have not cast their young, and I haven’t eaten the rams of your flocks.
39That which was torn of animals, I didn’t bring to you. I bore its loss. Of my hand you required it, whether stolen by day or stolen by night.
40This was my situation: in the day the drought consumed me, and the frost by night; and my sleep fled from my eyes.
41These twenty years I have been in your house. I served you fourteen years for your two daughters, and six years for your flock, and you have changed my wages ten times.
42Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely now you would have sent me away empty. God has seen my affliction and the labor of my hands, and rebuked you last night.”
44Now come, let’s make a covenant, you and I. Let it be for a witness between me and you.”
45Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar.
46Jacob said to his relatives, “Gather stones.” They took stones, and made a heap. They ate there by the heap.
47Laban called it Jegar Sahadutha, but Jacob called it Galeed.
48Laban said, “This heap is witness between me and you today.” Therefore it was named Galeed
49and Mizpah, for he said, “The LORD watch between me and you, when we are absent one from another.
50If you afflict my daughters, or if you take wives in addition to my daughters, no man is with us; behold, God is witness between me and you.”
52May this heap be a witness, and the pillar be a witness, that I will not pass over this heap to you, and that you will not pass over this heap and this pillar to me, for harm.
53The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us.” Then Jacob swore by the fear of his father, Isaac.
54Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his relatives to eat bread. They ate bread, and stayed all night in the mountain.
55Early in the morning, Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them. Laban departed and returned to his place.
World English BibleRead in NIV in Psalmlog →Highlighted verses are the most connected.
Key verses
Genesis 31:3God’s command to return, joined to his promise of presence, sets the direction for Jacob’s departure.
Genesis 31:24God intervenes before the confrontation, warning Laban and placing his pursuit of Jacob under divine restraint.
Genesis 31:42Jacob credits God with seeing his hard labor and preventing Laban from sending him away empty.
Where this chapter reaches

Exodus shares the theme of God seeing affliction and labor, then acting to deliver those under another’s power. Joshua shares the promise of God’s presence and the use of stones as witnesses to covenant commitments, linking spoken obligations with a visible memorial.

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Notice

After reading the whole chapter

What stands out in Jacob’s account of his labor and his claim that God saw it?

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How does the closing covenant address the mistrust exposed throughout Jacob and Laban’s confrontation?

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Questions people ask about Genesis 31

Why did Rachel steal Laban’s household gods in Genesis 31?

The chapter does not explain Rachel’s motive. It calls the objects teraphim, and Laban calls them his gods. Rachel hides them in a camel’s saddle and sits on them during the search. Jacob knows nothing of the theft when he declares that whoever has them shall not live.

What does Mizpah mean in Genesis 31?

Mizpah means watchtower. The chapter connects the name with Laban’s words, “The LORD watch between me and you, when we are absent one from another.” The statement belongs to a covenant formed amid mistrust. God witnesses obligations concerning Laban’s daughters and the agreement that neither man will cross the boundary to cause harm.

What does “the fear of Isaac” mean?

The phrase refers to the God whom Isaac revered. Jacob uses it alongside “the God of Abraham” in verse 42 and swears by the fear of his father Isaac in verse 53. In context, it names the divine protector and judge to whom Jacob appeals in his dispute with Laban.

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Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).