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Deuteronomy 31

Moses prepares Israel for life after his death through Joshua's commission, the public reading of God's law, and warnings of rebellion.

Moses, now 120 years old, tells Israel that he will not cross the Jordan and that Joshua will lead them into the land. He assures the people and Joshua of God's presence, then entrusts the written law to the priests and elders for public reading every seven years. At the Tent of Meeting, God commissions Joshua and foretells Israel's covenant betrayal. Moses teaches Israel a song that will stand as a witness against them, alongside the written law.

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2He said to them, “I am one hundred twenty years old today. I can no more go out and come in. The LORD has said to me, ‘You shall not go over this Jordan.’
3The LORD your God himself will go over before you. He will destroy these nations from before you, and you shall dispossess them. Joshua will go over before you, as the LORD has spoken.
4The LORD will do to them as he did to Sihon and to Og, the kings of the Amorites, and to their land, when he destroyed them.
5The LORD will deliver them up before you, and you shall do to them according to all the commandment which I have commanded you.
6Be strong and courageous. Don’t be afraid or scared of them, for the LORD your God himself is who goes with you. He will not fail you nor forsake you.”
7Moses called to Joshua, and said to him in the sight of all Israel, “Be strong and courageous, for you shall go with this people into the land which the LORD has sworn to their fathers to give them; and you shall cause them to inherit it.
8The LORD himself is who goes before you. He will be with you. He will not fail you nor forsake you. Don’t be afraid. Don’t be discouraged.”
9Moses wrote this law and delivered it to the priests the sons of Levi, who bore the ark of the LORD’s covenant, and to all the elders of Israel.
10Moses commanded them, saying, “At the end of every seven years, in the set time of the year of release, in the feast of booths,
11when all Israel has come to appear before the LORD your God in the place which he will choose, you shall read this law before all Israel in their hearing.
12Assemble the people, the men and the women and the little ones, and the foreigners who are within your gates, that they may hear, learn, fear the LORD your God, and observe to do all the words of this law,
13and that their children, who have not known, may hear and learn to fear the LORD your God, as long as you live in the land where you go over the Jordan to possess it.”
14The LORD said to Moses, “Behold, your days approach that you must die. Call Joshua, and present yourselves in the Tent of Meeting, that I may commission him.” Moses and Joshua went, and presented themselves in the Tent of Meeting.
15The LORD appeared in the Tent in a pillar of cloud, and the pillar of cloud stood over the Tent’s door.
16The LORD said to Moses, “Behold, you shall sleep with your fathers. This people will rise up and play the prostitute after the strange gods of the land where they go to be among them, and will forsake me and break my covenant which I have made with them.
17Then my anger shall be kindled against them in that day, and I will forsake them, and I will hide my face from them, and they shall be devoured, and many evils and troubles shall come on them; so that they will say in that day, ‘Haven’t these evils come on us because our God is not among us?’
19“Now therefore write this song for yourselves, and teach it to the children of Israel. Put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel.
20For when I have brought them into the land which I swore to their fathers, flowing with milk and honey, and they have eaten and filled themselves, and grown fat, then they will turn to other gods, and serve them, and despise me, and break my covenant.
21It will happen, when many evils and troubles have come on them, that this song will testify before them as a witness; for it will not be forgotten out of the mouths of their descendants; for I know their ways and what they are doing today, before I have brought them into the land which I promised them.”
22So Moses wrote this song the same day, and taught it to the children of Israel.
23He commissioned Joshua the son of Nun, and said, “Be strong and courageous; for you shall bring the children of Israel into the land which I swore to them. I will be with you.”
24When Moses had finished writing the words of this law in a book, until they were finished,
25Moses commanded the Levites, who bore the ark of the LORD’s covenant, saying,
26“Take this book of the law, and put it by the side of the ark of the LORD your God’s covenant, that it may be there for a witness against you.
27For I know your rebellion and your stiff neck. Behold, while I am yet alive with you today, you have been rebellious against the LORD. How much more after my death?
28Assemble to me all the elders of your tribes and your officers, that I may speak these words in their ears, and call heaven and earth to witness against them.
29For I know that after my death you will utterly corrupt yourselves, and turn away from the way which I have commanded you; and evil will happen to you in the latter days, because you will do that which is evil in the LORD’s sight, to provoke him to anger through the work of your hands.”
30Moses spoke in the ears of all the assembly of Israel the words of this song, until they were finished.
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Key verses
Deuteronomy 31:6Moses grounds Israel's courage before the coming conflict in YHWH’s presence and promise never to forsake them.
Deuteronomy 31:8Joshua receives assurance that YHWH goes ahead of him as he takes up leadership after Moses.
Deuteronomy 31:7Moses commissions Joshua before all Israel, tying his task to God's sworn promise of land to their fathers.
Where this chapter reaches

Joshua continues the leadership transfer and repeats the charge to courage, while Hebrews draws on the promise that God will never forsake his people. Exodus shares the Tent of Meeting and pillar of cloud, signs of God's presence as he speaks to Israel's leaders.

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Notice

After reading the whole chapter

How does God's warning about future rebellion shape your reading of the chapter's promises?

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What stands out about the people Moses includes in the public hearing of God's law?

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Questions people ask about Deuteronomy 31

Does Deuteronomy 31 contradict itself about God forsaking Israel?

The promise in verses 6–8 concerns God's presence as Israel enters the land under Joshua. Verses 16–18 describe Israel's later abandonment of the covenant for other gods and God's judgment in response. The chapter holds God's pledge of help together with his warning that covenant rebellion has consequences.

What is the song mentioned in Deuteronomy 31?

It is the song God commands Moses to write and teach Israel as a witness against their future covenant betrayal. Its words follow in the next chapter. Here, the emphasis falls on its purpose: descendants will remember the song, and it will testify when the foretold troubles come.

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Deuteronomy · 34 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).