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2 Samuel 3

David’s kingdom gains strength, yet Abner’s murder exposes the violence within its ranks and the limits of David’s control.

War between Saul’s house and David’s house continues, with David gaining strength in Hebron. After a quarrel with Ishbosheth, Abner offers to bring Israel under David’s rule. David requires Michal’s return, then receives Abner with a feast and sends him away in peace. Joab recalls Abner without David’s knowledge and kills him to avenge his brother Asahel. David condemns the killing and leads the mourning, while admitting that his royal title has not given him control over Joab and his brother.

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1Now there was a long war between Saul’s house and David’s house. David grew stronger and stronger, but Saul’s house grew weaker and weaker.
2Sons were born to David in Hebron. His firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;
3and his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;
4and the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;
6While there was war between Saul’s house and David’s house, Abner made himself strong in Saul’s house.
7Now Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah; and Ishbosheth said to Abner, “Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine?”
8Then Abner was very angry about Ishbosheth’s words, and said, “Am I a dog’s head that belongs to Judah? Today I show kindness to your father Saul’s house, to his brothers, and to his friends, and have not delivered you into the hand of David; and yet you charge me today with a fault concerning this woman!
9God do so to Abner, and more also, if, as the LORD has sworn to David, I don’t do even so to him:
10to transfer the kingdom from Saul’s house, and to set up David’s throne over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beersheba.”
12Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, “Whose is the land?” and saying, “Make your alliance with me, and behold, my hand will be with you to bring all Israel around to you.”
13David said, “Good. I will make a treaty with you, but one thing I require of you. That is, you will not see my face unless you first bring Michal, Saul’s daughter, when you come to see my face.”
14David sent messengers to Ishbosheth, Saul’s son, saying, “Deliver me my wife Michal, whom I was given to marry for one hundred foreskins of the Philistines.”
16Her husband went with her, weeping as he went, and followed her to Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, “Go! Return!” and he returned.
18Now then do it! For the LORD has spoken of David, saying, ‘By the hand of my servant David, I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.’”
19Abner also spoke in the ears of Benjamin; and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel and to the whole house of Benjamin.
20So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. David made Abner and the men who were with him a feast.
21Abner said to David, “I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel to my lord the king, that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may reign over all that your soul desires.” David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.
24Then Joab came to the king and said, “What have you done? Behold, Abner came to you. Why is it that you have sent him away, and he is already gone?
25You know Abner the son of Ner. He came to deceive you, and to know your going out and your coming in, and to know all that you do.”
27When Abner had returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into the middle of the gate to speak with him quietly, and struck him there in the body, so that he died for the blood of Asahel his brother.
28Afterward, when David heard it, he said, “I and my kingdom are guiltless before the LORD forever of the blood of Abner the son of Ner.
29Let it fall on the head of Joab and on all his father’s house. Let there not fail from the house of Joab one who has a discharge, or who is a leper, or who leans on a staff, or who falls by the sword, or who lacks bread.”
30So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner, because he had killed their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.
31David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, “Tear your clothes, and clothe yourselves with sackcloth, and mourn in front of Abner.” King David followed the bier.
32They buried Abner in Hebron; and the king lifted up his voice and wept at Abner’s grave; and all the people wept.
33The king lamented for Abner, and said, “Should Abner die as a fool dies?
34Your hands weren’t bound, and your feet weren’t put into fetters. As a man falls before the children of iniquity, so you fell.” All the people wept again over him.
35All the people came to urge David to eat bread while it was yet day; but David swore, saying, “God do so to me, and more also, if I taste bread or anything else, until the sun goes down.”
36All the people took notice of it, and it pleased them, as whatever the king did pleased all the people.
37So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to kill Abner the son of Ner.
38The king said to his servants, “Don’t you know that a prince and a great man has fallen today in Israel?
39I am weak today, though anointed king. These men, the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for me. May the LORD reward the evildoer according to his wickedness.”
World English BibleRead in NIV in Psalmlog →Highlighted verses are the most connected.
Key verses
2 Samuel 3:1The opening contrast establishes David’s growing strength against the backdrop of a long war that still divides Israel.
2 Samuel 3:27Joab turns a private conversation into an ambush, killing the man David had sent away in peace.
2 Samuel 3:39David admits his weakness before the sons of Zeruiah and appeals to YHWH to judge the evildoer.
Where this chapter reaches

1 Samuel supplies the earlier events behind David’s anointing and marriage to Michal, both central to the struggle over Saul’s kingdom here. 1 Kings returns to Joab’s killing of Abner when David charges Solomon to address the bloodshed, linking this murder to the later reckoning with Joab.

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After reading the whole chapter

What do you notice about the contrast between David’s growing strength and his closing admission of weakness?

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How does David’s public grief over Abner shape your understanding of mourning someone from an opposing side?

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Questions people ask about 2 Samuel 3

Why did Joab kill Abner in 2 Samuel 3?

Joab tells David that Abner came as a spy, but the narrator identifies revenge for Asahel’s death as the reason for the killing. Abner had killed Joab’s brother in battle. Joab recalls Abner without David’s knowledge, draws him aside at Hebron’s gate, and kills him.

Why does David say he is weak though anointed king?

David says the sons of Zeruiah are too hard for him, acknowledging that his kingship does not mean he can control these men. He condemns Abner’s murder and calls for YHWH’s judgment, yet imposes no further punishment here. The chapter leaves that gap between royal authority and effective control unresolved.

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2 Samuel · 24 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).