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1 Kings 2

Solomon’s throne is established amid a charge to obey God, unresolved bloodshed, and the removal of threats to his rule.

David is near death and charges Solomon to keep YHWH’s commands, deal with Joab and Shimei, and show kindness to Barzillai’s sons. After David’s burial, Solomon takes the throne. Adonijah asks through Bathsheba to marry Abishag, a request Solomon treats as a claim to the kingdom. Solomon orders Adonijah and Joab killed, removes Abiathar from the priesthood, and confines Shimei to Jerusalem. When Shimei breaks that restriction, Solomon has him killed. The account closes with Solomon’s rule established.

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1Now the days of David came near that he should die; and he commanded Solomon his son, saying,
2“I am going the way of all the earth. You be strong therefore, and show yourself a man;
3and keep the instruction of the LORD your God, to walk in his ways, to keep his statutes, his commandments, his ordinances, and his testimonies, according to that which is written in the law of Moses, that you may prosper in all that you do and wherever you turn yourself.
4Then the LORD may establish his word which he spoke concerning me, saying, ‘If your children are careful of their way, to walk before me in truth with all their heart and with all their soul, there shall not fail you,’ he said, ‘a man on the throne of Israel.’
5“Moreover you know also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, even what he did to the two captains of the armies of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner and to Amasa the son of Jether, whom he killed, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war on his sash that was around his waist and in his sandals that were on his feet.
6Do therefore according to your wisdom, and don’t let his gray head go down to Sheol in peace.
7But show kindness to the sons of Barzillai the Gileadite, and let them be among those who eat at your table; for so they came to me when I fled from Absalom your brother.
8“Behold, there is with you Shimei the son of Gera, the Benjamite of Bahurim, who cursed me with a grievous curse in the day when I went to Mahanaim; but he came down to meet me at the Jordan, and I swore to him by the LORD, saying, ‘I will not put you to death with the sword.’
9Now therefore don’t hold him guiltless, for you are a wise man; and you will know what you ought to do to him, and you shall bring his gray head down to Sheol with blood.”
10David slept with his fathers, and was buried in David’s city.
11The days that David reigned over Israel were forty years; he reigned seven years in Hebron, and he reigned thirty-three years in Jerusalem.
12Solomon sat on David his father’s throne; and his kingdom was firmly established.
15He said, “You know that the kingdom was mine, and that all Israel set their faces on me, that I should reign. However, the kingdom is turned around, and has become my brother’s; for it was his from the LORD.
16Now I ask one petition of you. Don’t deny me.” She said to him, “Say on.”
17He said, “Please speak to Solomon the king (for he will not tell you ‘no’), that he give me Abishag the Shunammite as wife.”
19Bathsheba therefore went to King Solomon, to speak to him for Adonijah. The king rose up to meet her and bowed himself to her, and sat down on his throne and caused a throne to be set for the king’s mother; and she sat on his right hand.
20Then she said, “I ask one small petition of you; don’t deny me.” The king said to her, “Ask on, my mother, for I will not deny you.”
21She said, “Let Abishag the Shunammite be given to Adonijah your brother as wife.”
22King Solomon answered his mother, “Why do you ask Abishag the Shunammite for Adonijah? Ask for him the kingdom also, for he is my elder brother; even for him, and for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab the son of Zeruiah.”
23Then King Solomon swore by the LORD, saying, “God do so to me, and more also, if Adonijah has not spoken this word against his own life.
24Now therefore as the LORD lives, who has established me and set me on my father David’s throne, and who has made me a house as he promised, surely Adonijah shall be put to death today.”
25King Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he fell on him, so that he died.
26To Abiathar the priest the king said, “Go to Anathoth, to your own fields, for you are worthy of death. But I will not at this time put you to death, because you bore the Lord GOD’s ark before David my father, and because you were afflicted in all in which my father was afflicted.”
27So Solomon thrust Abiathar out from being priest to the LORD, that he might fulfill the LORD’s word which he spoke concerning the house of Eli in Shiloh.
28This news came to Joab; for Joab had followed Adonijah, although he didn’t follow Absalom. Joab fled to the LORD’s Tent, and held onto the horns of the altar.
29King Solomon was told, “Joab has fled to the LORD’s Tent; and behold, he is by the altar.” Then Solomon sent Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, saying, “Go, fall on him.”
31The king said to him, “Do as he has said, and fall on him, and bury him, that you may take away the blood, which Joab shed without cause, from me and from my father’s house.
32The LORD will return his blood on his own head, because he fell on two men more righteous and better than he, and killed them with the sword, and my father David didn’t know it: Abner the son of Ner, captain of the army of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the army of Judah.
33So their blood will return on the head of Joab and on the head of his offspring forever. But for David, for his offspring, for his house, and for his throne, there will be peace forever from the LORD.”
34Then Benaiah the son of Jehoiada went up and fell on him, and killed him; and he was buried in his own house in the wilderness.
35The king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his place over the army; and the king put Zadok the priest in the place of Abiathar.
36The king sent and called for Shimei, and said to him, “Build yourself a house in Jerusalem, and live there, and don’t go anywhere else.
37For on the day you go out and pass over the brook Kidron, know for certain that you will surely die. Your blood will be on your own head.”
39At the end of three years, two of Shimei’s slaves ran away to Achish, son of Maacah, king of Gath. They told Shimei, saying, “Behold, your slaves are in Gath.”
40Shimei arose, saddled his donkey, and went to Gath to Achish to seek his slaves; and Shimei went and brought his slaves from Gath.
42The king sent and called for Shimei, and said to him, “Didn’t I adjure you by the LORD and warn you, saying, ‘Know for certain that on the day you go out and walk anywhere else, you shall surely die’? You said to me, ‘The saying that I have heard is good.’
43Why then have you not kept the oath of the LORD and the commandment that I have instructed you with?”
44The king said moreover to Shimei, “You know in your heart all the wickedness that you did to David my father. Therefore the LORD will return your wickedness on your own head.
45But King Solomon will be blessed, and David’s throne will be established before the LORD forever.”
46So the king commanded Benaiah the son of Jehoiada; and he went out, and fell on him, so that he died. The kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.
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Key verses
1 Kings 2:4David ties the promised succession to his descendants’ wholehearted faithfulness, placing the throne under YHWH’s authority.
1 Kings 2:10David’s death ends his reign and leaves Solomon responsible for both the kingdom and his father’s unfinished business.
1 Kings 2:2David’s call for strength leads into commands to obey God, defining the responsibility Solomon must carry as king.
Where this chapter reaches

2 Samuel supplies the history behind Joab’s killings, Shimei’s curse, and Barzillai’s kindness, while 1 Samuel records the judgment against Eli’s house fulfilled in Abiathar’s removal. Deuteronomy and Joshua share the charge to keep God’s law and the connection between obedience and success.

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After reading the whole chapter

What tension do you notice between David’s charge to obey God and his instructions concerning Joab and Shimei?

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How does the condition in verse 4 shape your reading of Solomon’s claims about his throne?

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Questions people ask about 1 Kings 2

Why did Solomon kill Adonijah for asking to marry Abishag?

Solomon interprets the request as a bid for the kingdom. He points to Adonijah’s status as his elder brother and connects him with Abiathar and Joab. Adonijah has already claimed that the kingdom was his. The passage reports Solomon’s judgment without giving direct access to Adonijah’s private intent.

Why was Joab killed at the altar?

Joab flees to YHWH’s Tent and grasps the altar’s horns after supporting Adonijah. When he refuses to leave, Solomon orders Benaiah to kill him there. Solomon grounds the sentence in Joab’s killing of Abner and Amasa during peace; taking refuge at the altar does not remove that bloodguilt.

What does David mean by “show yourself a man” in 1 Kings 2?

David addresses Solomon as a dying father handing royal responsibility to his son. The next verse explains the charge through obedience: Solomon must walk in God’s ways and keep the law of Moses. Strength here is tied to the demands of kingship under God’s authority, with the dynasty’s future at stake.

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1 Kings · 22 chapters

Cross-reference data from OpenBible.info (CC BY). Scripture from the World English Bible (public domain). Arc diagram after Chris Harrison and Christoph Römhild (2007).